Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Name: John Kindley| Class: GH AP Y (Even)| Date: November third, 2012| Chapter 12, Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas, 200 †1500| Pages 306 †331| | Classic-Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica, 200 †900:| | * Remarkable development created| | * Different language + legislative issues, yet brought together by material culture, strict convictions + practices, and social structure| Classic Period| * Classic period (based upon Olmec and other civilizations)| | * Social classes with unmistakable roles| * Hereditary governmental issues + strict elites controlled towns + villages| | Teotihuacan:| | * Powerful city-state in focal Mexico (100 B. C. E. †750 C. E. )| Religion| * Religion = revered numerous divine beings + lesser spirits, Sun + Moon| | * Human penance = saw as consecrated obligation to the divine beings and essential| | to the prosperity of society| Farming| * Chinampas = raised fields along lakeshores to increment agriculture| Politics| * No proof f or single ruler; partnerships between tip top families| | The Maya:|Location| * Maya = progress amassed in the Yucatan Peninsula, | Guatemala, and Honduras, however never unified| | * Contributed for the most part in math, space science, and the calendar| | * High pyramids + castles = intended to amazement the majority that came| Decoration| * Maya = cherished decoration| | * Infused fighting with strict meaning| | * Society = patrilineal| Contributions| * Devised expound schedule framework, idea of 0, and writing| End of Classic Era| * Maya urban communities declined because of battle for assets, which lead to| | class strife and warfare| | * Connection with the Mesoamerican social orders because of finding out about the Aztecs in grade 8| * Have visited Mayan urban areas in Mexico, and have seen sanctuaries in genuine life| * Question: didn’t the Arabs build up the idea of 0? | The Postclassic Period in Mesoamerica, 900 †1500:| | * No single clarification for fall of T eotihuacan and Mayan centers| | The Toltecs:| | * Powerful postclassic realm in focal Mexico (900 †1175 C. E. )| Origins| * Origins = obscure (either satellite or transient populations)| | * Used military triumph to make ground-breaking empire|Reason for decline| * Fell by inward force battles and military danger from the north| | The Aztecs:| | * Altepetl = ethnic state in antiquated Mesoamerica that was the | normal political structure square of that region| Society + Politics| * Calpolli = gathering of up to hundred families that filled in as a building| | square of an altepetl (controlled land allotment + charges + nearby strict life)| | * Tenochtitlan = capital of Aztec Empire; in an island in lake Texcoco| | Mexico City made on remains of Tenochtitlan| * Aztecs = AKA Mexica, made realm (1325 †1521 C. E. )| * Aztecs constrained crushed people groups to give merchandise + work as tax| Aztec Women| * Women = held bunches of influence; held in high regard; held positions | | like educators and priestesses; seen as originators of ancestries, including| | the illustrious line| | * Merchants become rich, yet can't turn out to be high nobility| Economic systems| * Tribute framework = framework in which vanquished people groups were constrained to| | pay charge in types of products and work; help advancement of huge ities | * Did not utilize cash; utilized trade instead| | * Aztec religion = requested expanding quantities of human sacrifice| * Connection to Aztecs as I found out about them in grade 8| * Noted the familiarities between the Mesoamerican social orders, which additionally had distinct| contrasts as well| | Northern Peoples:| | * Classic period finishes around 900 C. E. | * Transfer of water system and corn horticulture - > invigorated advancement in Hohokam and Anasazi society| | Southwestern Desert Cultures:| | * Anasazi = significant culture in southwest US (700 †1300 C.E. )| * Anasazi constructed multistory living arrangements , and adored in | underground structures (called kivas)| Anasazi women| * Women = shared agrarian errands, experts in numerous specialties, | answerable for food planning and childcare| Anasazi region| * Anasazi = pack in Four Corners region| | Mound Builders: The Hopewell and Mississippian Cultures:| Political structure| * Chiefdom = type of political association; administered by inherited leader| (Chiefdom)| who had authority over assortment of towns + towns; in view of blessing giving | and business links| * Political association + exchange + hill building proceeded by the| | Mississippian culture (biggest city = Cahokia)| Ansazi +| * Environmental changes caused annihilation of Anasazi +| Mississippian| Mississippian cultures| Decline| | Andean Civilizations, 200 †1500| | * Environment = sucks for making civilization| | * Amerindian people groups of Andean = delivered a portion of the most| | socially complex + politically propelled social orders in Western Hemisphere | Cul tural Response to Environmental Challenge|How they adapted| * Domestication of llamas and alpacas| | * Farmed at various elevations to diminish dangers from frosts| Social + political | * Ayllu = Andean genealogy gathering or family based community| groups| * Ayllu = establishment for Andean accomplishment; individuals = obligated| | to help individual individuals (thought as siblings and sisters)| | * Mit’a = Andean work framework dependent on shared commitments to help| | family and work in the interest of the ruler and strict associations | Gender distinction| * Men = chasing, military assistance, government| | * Women = material creation, agribusiness, home| Harsh atmospheres of Andean human advancements = like brutal condition of North American| pioneers | * Anasazi + Mississippian culture = one of hardly any developments that didn't fall due to outside| pressures| | Moche:| | * Moche = progress of north shoreline of Peru (200 †700 C. E. )| * Built broad water syste m systems + noteworthy urban centers| | overwhelmed by block temples| Political + social| * Did not set up formal realm nor brought together political structure| * Moche society = religious + delineated; clerics + military pioneers | had concentrated riches + power|Decline of Moche| * Moche focuses declined because of long haul atmosphere changes| | * Wari = new military influence, socially connected to Tiwanaku| | * Wari added to the vanishing of the Moche| | Tiwanaku and Wari:| | * Tiwanaku = name of capital city and domain fixated on the region| | close to Lake Titicaca in current Bolivia (375 †1000 C. E. )| * Llamas = pivotal for upkeep of significant distance exchange relations| | * High nature of stone masonry| * Stratified society controlled by an inherited elite| | * Used military to expand their control over enormous religions | The Inca:| | * Largest and most remarkable Andean domain (Cuzco = capital)| | * Initially a chiefdom - > went in to military developmen t in 1430s| | * Inca thriving relied upon tremendous groups of llamas + alpacas| | * Hereditary head of ayllus included women| | * Had prisoner taking framework for politics| * Each new ruler started his rule with success (legitimize authority)| | * Khipus = arrangement of hitched shaded strings utilized by preliterate| | Andean people groups to transmit information| | * Did not deliver new advances; expanded monetary output| | * Civil war debilitated the Inca just before European arrival| | * Noticed that essential divine beings for some, social orders were Sun divine beings and agrarian gods| * Pressures from inside took out the Inca society; like other societies| * Khipus = like the one that Aztecs used| |

Role Of Religion Dr. Faustus Essays - Deal With The Devil

Job Of Religion Dr. Faustus Religion in the Legend of Dr. Faust Brad Showmaker FMS 107w 1 March 2001 Dr. Faust is a legend from the sixteenth century that tells the story of a man that offers his sole to the fallen angel for non-human forces. This legend is affected when that it was composed. During the sixteenth century religion had a huge job on the general public. It had influenced everything from Government to regular day to day existence for individuals. This story was set in the territory of Europe. Which had a vigorously strict impact. The Faust legend utilizes the idea of dark enchantment and witchcraft. This was frequently identified with the villains work in this time because of the job of religion in the public eye. To add to the convictions or mistrusts there were numerous sad events going on at the time like the Black plague and war and the little development away from religion that many feel was welcomed on by the demon. During times of hardship numerous individuals go to religion to assist them with getting thought the ruff times or they drive away from it in wonder why the ruler could do such heartbreaking things. Never the less the narratives arrive at both side of the range. In the event that the individuals had confidence in the master vigorously they could place the legend in the viewpoint that this impact of the fallen angel taking the feeble yet enticements of intensity that are not humanly conceivable. Then again on the off chance that you feel that occasions are hard and you wonder why things happen to great individuals that follow the master it can show how somebody would succumb to the fiends deeds. Sorrow and bitterness are considered during this opportunity to be shortcoming tha t the fallen angel will in general get on wanting to accumulate the individual up to accomplish his messy work. During this time journalists would compose stories or plays with the impact of the general public in their works. So this would make religion be a huge piece of this story. In two unique understandings of the legend of Dr. Faust Christopher Marlowe and Goethe both have substantial impacts of religion in their plays even idea they have contrasts. Christopher Marlowes, Dr. Faustus Christopher Marlowe was an accomplished man with a degree in godliness much like his account of Dr. Faustus. Which I feel gave him understanding to have the option to compose the play. In addition to the fact that he had the degree in heavenly nature he was believed to be an Atheist, which in this time was believed to be crafted by the fiend. His convictions didn't follow the standard for religion. This wound up being the reason for what numerous today contend was the reason for his demise and that it was faked. In Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus the fundamental character battles with the absence of information that he thinks he has, also, the impact of the considerable number of passings that were brought about by the plaque. This pained Dr. Faustus since he felt at one time that he had the information that he could go to a medication that would have spared the individuals from death. He assumes that he has fizzled and has persuaded himself that he has not information and that he will never pick up the sort of information that he longs for. Here he is debilitated into going to dark enchantment and trusting that it will give him the information that he looks for. This causes the a shrewd soul named Mephostophilisto show up and attempt to energize Dr. Faustus to give him twenty-four years for the forces that Dr. Faustus looks for, even idea Mephostophisto will not reveal to him the privileged insights of the maker the ruler. The entire thought of exchanging his sole structure powers is an i dea that is presented in the good book. In Matthews Gospel the fallen angel offers Christ an arrangement were the villain would give him the entirety of the realms as an end-result of his enduring in the afterlife. This is the entire plot behind the tale of Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus. Impacts of religion are likewise appeared in sodality by the way that piece of the demonstrations occur during Easter and the restoration which thus takes us back to the idea of the impact

Cultural Experience At Thai Temple Beliefs & Rituals Of The Buddhists - 825 Words

Cultural Experience At Thai Temple: Beliefs & Rituals Of The Buddhists (Essay Sample) Content: NAME; Thailand Temple 24TH October 2018 Time: 10:30 AM Cultural experience at Thai temple Thai temple cultural experience was very enjoyable as it was about something new I had not had a chance to visit. Buddhism was the main religious culture practiced in the temple. It is a very unique and unusual religious service compared to other religions I have had experience before. My main objective of visiting the temple was to understand the beliefs, behaviors, rituals, and routines of the Buddhists. Buddhism was founded approximately two thousand five hundred years ago by Siddhartha Gautama. I discovered that Buddhism was founded with the aim to end suffering. Buddha, who is believed to be the founder of the religion, began the Buddhism as a way to find happiness, wisdom, compassion, joy, and equality in life (Princeton, pg 1). It was prevalent to me that Buddhism is a religion that focuses on an individual and the actions of the person. The event confirmed my prior thoughts and expectations of a Buddhism service. It was just similar to what I had initially envisioned their services. The temple surrounding was very interesting and calm. The Buddhist spent more time chanting the scriptures than interacting with others, something which was contrary to my thoughts. It was very surprising that the service was conducted with very little music. Ideally, many of the religious services involve instrumentals and music. However, the Buddhist did not have any musical instruments apart from little singing from the people. Devotional practices play an important role in the Buddhism service. Some of the practices involve bowing, giving offerings, pilgrimage and chanting. Buddhism also has basic religious practices which involve; meditation, chanting, and Metta. It is believed that Buddhism was founded on meditative techniques in order to encourage mindfulness and awareness (Princeton, pg 2). Chanting is often done in different languages and is therefore translated for easy understanding. Buddhist dedicate chanting services to the sick, suffering, hungry, and those experiencing pain. Metta, on the other hand, involves loving-kindness meditation (Princeton, pg 3). The Metta concept was first directed to one’s self, then to a benefactor, followed by a friend and finally enemy. The Metta concept was different to other religions such as Christian. The Buddhist activities during the service were very calming, and soothing. The chanting of the scriptures was so enjoyable and soothing which made the learning and listening easier. Surprisingly, there was minimal interaction among the Buddhist during the service and this made it a little bit difficult to relate. Minimal interaction with the people inside the temple made me understand the culture more, however it was so uncomfortable for me to handle. Despite the interaction challenge, the rest of the activities performed in the temple were comfortable. This experience taught me how to be open-minded and I became more interested to discover more concerning Buddhism. Buddhism is often based on five rules that result in achieving moral life and happiness. All in all, it was a positive experience that I enjoyed most of the activities in the temple. The religious service was similar to other services I have attended before. However, I may not choose the Buddhism religion. My experience better shaped my understanding of the Buddhism culture. It helped me to have a clear understanding of the confusion that many people often ascertain that Buddhists often have statues of the Buddha at places of worship and in their homes. The Buddhists made it clear to me that they did not worship the statues. The statues are just placed in the temple...

Similarities and Differences of Hilter and Napolean

Founder and leader of the Nazi party, who many describe to be the most insane and trouble causing man in the history of the entire world. Adolf Hitler’s goal was to make Germany the strongest country in the world, which he did, along with most of Europe. His armies of over sixteen million men were standing by his side the whole way. Although he had a large group of followers, he also had an even larger group of people who were against him. Adolf felt that if he did not remove all of the Jews from the face of the earth, he would have been seen as a failure, so he tried, and he tried, and he tried. But in the end, he failed. This then led to him believing that he was a failure, which then led to him shooting himself in the mouth.†¦show more content†¦Besides the fact that he conquered Moscow, the Russians did not surrender. Instead, they burned the city before the French got there, so the shelter and supplies that Napoleon was counting on were destroyed. So, his army h ad to retreat back to Germany, while being chased and hunted by the Russians. The whole Russian campaign ended up as a complete failure. He lost almost all of his 500,000 men that he had started with. In 1810, he divorced Josephine and married the daughter of the Austrian Emperor, Marie-Louise, in a last attempt to improve relations. Upon his return to France, the Prussians, Russians, Swedish, and the British started the War of Liberation against him. His army was soon forced over the Rhine at the Battle of Leipzig. However, the allied armies did not accept the plan and they demanded that the brother of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII, be put on the throne. Napoleon was sent to rule the Island of Elba in 1813 with the British Navy guarding the Island. But, in 1815, he returned to Paris and his old armies quickly gathered around him, already sick of the new king. The allies were threatening to invade France again since they heard of the return of Napoleon, so he quickly organized a new army a nd marched them into Belgium to meet the British and Prussian armies. In Ligny, he defeated the Prussians and then marched to Waterloo to meet the British under Wellington. At first, he was doing well in the battle.

I Have Abide By The Uncg Academic Honor Code Essay

I have abide by the UNCG Academic Honor Code in writing this paper Greta Scalco, RNInterview of a Nurse Leader A leader can be defined as a person who has the ability to influence people to achieve certain goals. According to Marcus Huston (2015), it is very important to understand that a job title does not make a person a leader. Only a person’s behavior can tell us if he/she holds leadership role (p 34). To be a leader, a person must be able to be in front of everybody, taking risks, inspiring other’s actions, advocating for others. The next interview will underline how the manager on medical-surgical floor is working to achieve a better quality of work on her unit, and also, how she is leading her staff in maintaining a safety environment for the patients and for the staff, too. It is well known that teamwork brings the most satisfying results. Therefore, in order to implement a plan, a leader must have a united and dedicated team. The interview started with a very common question., to what extent this manager, as a nurse leader e nsures nursing staff on the unit support patient centered care of individuals and families whose values differ from their own. If there are some barriers to ensure nursing staff support patient centered care, and how she as a nurse leader can improve patient centered care in her unit. Her plan seems to be very interesting and can be used as a model for other units. She said: â€Å"We maintain the same expectations and standard of care

Crime and Society free essay sample

Bessant amp; Watts, (2007) post-modernist theory states that the mass media is â€Å"simply an enormous factory for manufacturing illusions. †(p. 447) In other words that the audience are essentially mindless drones that act as sponges and will soak up all fallacies and untruths. (Bessant amp; watts, 2007) This theory suggests that people are unlikely to think critically about what they see and hear because what is presented is generally just accepted at face value as truth and the manipulation to great. An example of this manipulation is seen in Germany’s propaganda and in particular Hitler’s speeches, in which â€Å"His propaganda experts created an environment in which both the individual and the group lost their identities and were fused into a homogeneous mass. †(Levyatan 2009). Hitler’s aim was to create a â€Å"robot-like following†(levyatan 2009), an audience that wouldn’t think critically or question the mass genocide to come. This was mostly accomplished through careful manipulation of the German public through well thought out techniques designed to illicit a certain response. Levyatan 2009) For example Hitler’s speeches could start out quite dull creating a sense of boredom designed to create complacency only to conclude with a strong conclusion, dramatisation and a sense of immediacy. Chibnall discusses similar techniques that are used by the mass media. Listed below are eight ‘new values’ used often when reporting crime. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) The first four are immediacy, dramatisation, novelty and titillation. These techniques aim to control and entertain the public. The media’s focuses on reporting mostly exciting, sex and crime driven stories. Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) They choose to report them as everyday and individual events that have just happened rather than explaining any historical or social contexts. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) As a result the audience can believe that this kind of crime is very common and often doesn’t understand the reason or the underlying relationships between victim and offender. The last four are personalisation, simplification, conventionalism and structured access. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012)These techniques are designed to really connect with the listeners and viewers. The media chooses to write stories about people its audience can already personally relate too such as high profile individuals. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) Then takes complicated and unfamiliar facts, simplifies it and puts it into familiar contexts that the general overall public can understand. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) Then finally, cites state officials and police officers to give their story credibility. (Hayes amp; Prenzler, 2012) Unfortunately the result is that the public is less likely to question what they are being shown or have heard and mass media consumption leads to exposure to violence which is inflated and simplified. Below are two case studies that explore the relationship between the media and fear of crime. The first is Curtis’s study of ‘Jack the Ripper and the London Press (2001) in which he explores how powerful the written word could be in London and its ability to drum fear into the masses. (Marsh amp; Melville, 2008) He believed the press coverage during the police search for ‘the Ripper’ was responsible for the public’s growing fear. (Marsh amp; Melville, 2008) That the newspapers exaggerated and built on the stereotypical views of the people and how They viewed the east end of London. Marsh and Melville (2008) said it was see as â€Å"a crime and disease ridden, uncivilized jungle. †(p. 3) Curtis’s study indicates that there is definitely a possible link between the media and its fear of crime. However, a survey done in Trinidad shows a distinct lack of relationship between media and crime. (chadee amp; ditton, 2005) The survey consisted of asking the public different questions about crime. It looked at their views and fears of crime and compared it to the amount and different types of media they were exposed too. chadee amp; ditton, 2005) The results concluded that there did not appear to be an obvious relationship between what the people had seen and heard about crime and their views and feelings on the matter. (chadee amp; ditton, 2005) The variation in results would suggest that other variables are at play, perhaps the cross-cultural differences or social context needed to be explored . The Trinidad study concluded that perhaps people in this cul ture viewed the media unreliable, or the news reports were unmemorable and that the frequency of the reports was unreliable. chadee amp; ditton, 2005) The overall evidence; Hitler’s propaganda campaign and the mass hysteria encouraged by the London press explored by Curtis would seem to support the idea that consumers really are susceptible to the media’s influence. It would suggest that listeners and viewers are indeed incapable of seeing through the subtle and effective techniques harnessed by the media. However, the survey done in Trinidad; accessing the lack of relationship between the media and fear of crime clearly indicates that this is not always the case. This suggests that outside social factors need to be taken into account such as a person’s media consumption, how the media is viewed within that culture and the outside social influences on the individual, such as family and friends. To conclude, the fact then remains that despite the overall evidence because other variables have to be accounted for at all it would seem to refute the post-modernist concepts that the public are unable to reflect on what they see and hear within the media.

The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development of Bangladesh free essay sample

E-mail: [emailprotected] com 3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, BGC Trust University Bangladesh * E-mail of the corresponding author: [emailprotected] com Abstract The Economy of Bangladesh is classified into three sectors. Of these, the average contribution of service sector, industry sector, agriculture sector to the GDP are 49. 33%, 28. 42% and 22. 42% respectively. So, the service sectors contribute most of the development of national economy. The research aims are to analyze the comparative contribution of service sector with other sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of service sector and to provide the recommendations for development of service sector. It is taken a sample of ten years data of GDP from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the comparison of service sector with other sectors (industry and agriculture). The average growth rates between service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or total GDP are analyzed with‘t’ test. The average growth rate of service sector, inudsty sector, and agriculture sector are 6. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development of Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively. The growth of service sector is more than the agriculture sector but less than the industry sector (result of‘t’ test). The paper also reveals that total trade deficit of service is increasing over the year. The average employment of Agriculture, Industry, Service to total employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39% and 25. 36% respectively. The paper emphasizes for the development of Tourism sector, Software, Transportation and Financial srvice, Education with quality, etc. Keywords: GDP, Service, Agriculture, Industry 1. Introduction The Economy of Bangladesh is growing one. It is basically divided into three basic sectors viz. Service, Agriculture and Industry. Among the Economic Sectors in Bangladesh, Service sector is most important. The contribution of service sector to the GDP is about 50% (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010). So, Service sectors influence the development of national economy. There is a latent demand for services in Bangladesh. To specify the need of services for huge population of Bangladesh, such sectors are to be opened for private entrepreneurs with required control. The enormous contribution of service sector and an increasing trend therein have played an important role in high growth of GDP. The analysis of last few years’ data gives a clear idea on the phenomenon. The contribution of the industry sector to the economy of Bangladesh has been increasing day by day. For the purpose of national income accounting, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) divides the economy into fifteen sectors (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010, Ministry of Finance). 2. Problem statement From the growth of overall size of Economy, it is difficult to identify the significance of specific sector. Proper nurturing of significantly contributory sector, the growth of Economy may be resisted. Previously there was no difference between Services and Products. Service concept is the modern issue in the world. The most of the business is related to services. Even the product itself provides the service to the customers. So the services are the vital issue now. The economic sectors classified by Bangladesh Government are Hotel and Restaurant, Retail trade and Wholesale trade, Transportation and Communication, Real state and Renting, Financial Institution, Public Administration and Defense, Education, Health and Social Services, Community and Personal Services are included under Service Sectors. So they occupy a major share of total economics sectors. As a result, importance of service is significant. For Economic development we always think regarding industry and agriculture sectors rather service sectors. But major sector in the economy is service sector. In the modern world, service is required in every phase of life. People expect better service. Our public sectors 178 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org including public enterprises are largest sectors in the economy. But these sectors are losing concern. The public sector is unable to provide competitive service. So, people go to private sectors such as financial institutions, transportation, hospitals, educational institutions, and communication media for better service. But the growth rate of service sectors is either below expected level or not as per its importance in the economy. From this research the problems of service sectors are identified. For increasing the living standard of the people the service concept has come to lime light. Service marketing and service management will get the importance to develop the service sectors in Bangladesh. The research aims are to analyze the comparative contribution of service sector with other sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of service sector and to provide the recommendations for development of service sector. 3. Objectives of the Study Some specific objectives are set for this research. The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative position of service sector. To accomplish this basic objective, following specific objectives are set: i. To conduct the comparative analysis of service sector with Agriculture and Industry sectors. ii.. To analyze the impact of Liberalization on Service sectors iii. To provide the recommendations for development of Service sector. 4. Methodology This research has used mostly secondary data have been used for analysis. Data have been collected from Bangladesh Economic Survey, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh Bank, World Bank, and Internet web sites, Books, Newspapers, Magazines and Journals. We have used required data for ten years from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the contribution of economic sectors, growth rate of each sectors viz. service, industry and agriculture. Data of service export and import from 2004-05 to 2009-10 (five years) and the data of employment contribution for 9 years have been explained. 4. 1 Analysis of data: The data have been analyzed using graph, chart and some other simple statistical tools. The growth rate of service sectors (trend) is shown by graphical presentation. The total contribution of service sectors and sector wise share of major sectors are shown graphically. The average growth rates between service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or total GDP have been compared by student’s‘t’ test. 4. 2 Hypothesis test 4. 2. H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) 4. 2. 2 H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) 4. 2. 3. H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors a nd the growth rate of total GDP) 5. Analysis and Results 5. 1. The Contribution of Service Sector Off all the sectors, service sector is prominent one. Service sector has the growing potential to be driver of sustainable economic growth and significant poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Service sector in Bangladesh is the largest sector. From the table 2(a), it is observed that the contribution of the service sector is average 49. 33%. It is steady over the period. The contribution of service sectors are 48. 77% in 2000-01 and 49. 90% in 2009-10. Figure-1 demonstrates contribution of different sectors in GDP. The groth rate of srvice sector is steady. The average growth is 6. 17%. The growth rates are 5. 43% ,6. 40%, and 6. 59% in 2001-02, 2005-06, 2009-10 respectively. 5. 2. Growth of Sub-sectors of Service Sector Growth rate of service sector is consistnent and contineous. From the Table 1(b), it is shown that the four sub sectors –(i) Trade (ii) Transport, storage and communication (iii) Realstate renting and other Business activities (iv) Community, social and personal services contribute more in GDP which are 14. 06%, 10. 07%, 7. 98%, 7. 39% 179 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org respectively. But The growth rate is more for the Education, Banking, Public administration, Transportation which are 8. 42%,8. 13%, 7. 88% ,7. 48% respectively. 5. 3. Comparative Analysis of Service Sector with Agriculture and Industry Sector From the comparative presentation of the sectors, it is found that service sector is sustaiable in terms of growth and contribution to toal GDP. From the Table 2(a), 2(b) and figure -2, it is shown that the average contribution of service sector, industry and agriculute sectors are 49. 33%, 28. 42%, 22. 25% respectively. So, the service sector is the half of total sector of economy. The growth rate of service sector, inudsty sector,and agriculture secture are 6. 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively. Here, from the figure-2, it is seen that the contribution of service sector is steady. The contribution of industry sector is increasing with the reducing trend of agriculture sector. Here, aparently it is seen that the average growth rate of service sector is more the agriculture sectors and the total GDP growth and the average gorwth rate of industry sector is slightly more than the service sector. Now we shall statistically test whether the average growth rate of service sector is more than the agriculture sectors and total GDP growth and whther there is significant difference of growth rate between service sectors and industry sector. . Hypothesis test Since in the given data variances of population are unknown and the sample size is small we have used t-test from the table -6. The result of hypothesis test is in table 3. 6. 1. H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) Table 3: Paired Samples Test D etails 95% Paired Std. Std. Confidence Differences Deviation Error Interval of the Mean Mean Difference Lower Upper 1. 1152 . 3717 -2. 1783 -. 4639 t df Sig. (2tailed) Pair 1 Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of Industry sector -1. 211 Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of Agriculture sector Growth rate of Service sector Growth rate of Total GDP sector 8 3. 554 .007 Pair 2 2. 7722 1. 2957 . 4319 1. 7763 3. 76826. 419 8 . 4806 . 1602 7. 3847E- . 6650 1. 845 8 02 .000 Pair 3 .2956 .102 Source: Compiled by authors through SPSS The table value is -2. 306 So, the calculated value (-3. 554) is outside the critical region. So, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. There is significant difference between the growth rate of service sector and industry sector. The growth rate of industry is more than that of service sector. 6. 2. H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) The table value is 2. 306. The calculated value(6. 1. 77) is outside the critical region. So, the growth of service sector is more than the growth of agriculture sector. 6. 3. H 0 : Â µ1 = Â µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and total GDP) The table value is 2. 3306. The calculated value (t=1. 84) is inside the critical region. So, the null hypothesis is accepted. Though the average growth rate of service sector is more than the growth rate of total GDP, but there is no difference with t test. 180 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 7. Trade of service and Trade liberization www. iiste. org Trade liberlization has opened a new horizon for service exports. Service export is the amount which is paid by the foreign national for using the service of Bangladesh. Service import is the amount which is paid by the Bangladeshi national for using the service of other countries. GATS was formed to eliminate the trade barriers. Here we shall see the impact of trade liberization on the service sectors of Bangladesh. From the table 4, the figure-3 is drawn. It is found from the figure -3 that the import of service average Tk. 199368 million is more than the export of service average Tk. 112214. 5 million. The total trade deficit is increasing over the year. The average rate of growth of service export is more than service import which are 16. 16% and 15. 89% respectively. This is a good symptom for Bangladesh. 8. Employment opportunity in Service sector Service sector has created a great scope for employment. Bangladesh is a labor intensive country. Population is an important resource of Bangladesh. From the table 5 (data is taken from world Bank data bank) the figure-4 is drawn and it is shown that average employment of Agriculture, Industry, Service to toal employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39 5and 25. 36% respectively. But employment of service sector is increasing. The employment of industry sector is increasing but agriculure sector is decreasing. 9. Recommendations for Service Sectors After analysis, it can be said that the contribution of service sector is about 49. 22% and the growth rate of service sector is 6. 75%. The contribution is about half of the total economic sectors and the growth rate is more than the average growth of GDP. Emphasis is given on the service sector for development. Since the industry sector is growing rapidly (7. 49%), support can be given by providing the quality and smooth service. The employment in service sector is increasing day by day. So, there is lot o f opportunity for employment in this sector. Though there is negative Trade Balance of service of Bangladesh, the growth rate of srvice export is more than that of import. It is a good symptom for us. So we have to emphasize the service export such as Tourism, Software, Transportation and Financial srvice etc. The prospects of some promising service sectors are pointed out below. 9. 1. Development of Tourism Tourism is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh with her huge natural beauty, heroic historical background and archaeological resources (Das Chakroborty 2012). Bangladesh is a country of natural beauty. She has lot of tourism places. These places are of different interest like beaches, historical places, archaeological sites, religious palaces, forest and jungle etc. . 2. Development of Software and IT With the passage of time, the globe is being changed from analogue to automation. During last few years Bangladesh showed enormous success in Software and IT Sector which can enlarge the extent of her service market (BASIS 2010). The current size of Bangladesh IT Industry and software/ITES industry is still smaller compared to the overall economy and the number of p opulation (over 150 million). Over the last few years the industry has been grown considerably and is expected to grow at that rate for some time. 9. 3. Information Communication Technology (ICT) With the hope of great development, the govrnment of people republic of Bangladesh introduced National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy in October 2002. This policy document guides the development of a country-wide ICT-infrastructure for human resources development, governance, e-commerce, banking, public utility services and all sorts of on-line ICT-enabled services by 2006. 9. 4. Improvement in Transportation Transportation is an important sub-sector of total service sector. It includes different type of transport for example road transport, waterways, railways, and airlines. Of these, road transport is mostly used means of transport. Road transport in Bangladesh is a private sector affair operating predominantly in domestic routes. 181 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org Rates are among the cheapest in the world. Express and non stop services are available. Total Highways is 204,022 km of which paved is 25,095 km and unpaved is 178,927 km (1996 est. ) (bangla2000. com). 9. 5. Quality Financial Services Financial service is another important part of total service sector in Bangladesh. It is a promising sub sector which consists of the Bangladesh Bank (the central bank), four nationalized commercial banks (NCBs), 5 stateowned specialized banks (SBs), more than 30 private sector commercial banks (PCBs) and more than 9 foreign commercial banks (PCBs). The rest of the financial sector consists of more than 29 non-bank financial institutions, the capital market, 3 general and 17 life insurance companies, the cooperative banks and the microfinance institutions. 9. 6. Development of Education sector For increasing of people and literacy rate, the demand of higher education is increasing. The technical institution, Business education, health education create the demand to the people. The development of government and private universities is the indicator of growing demand of education sector. 10. Concluding Remarks The contribution of service sector is about 50 percent of the total GDP. So, the growth rate of GDP depends on the service sectors. The service sector provides the support for the development Industry sector and agriculture sector. For the international trade (export and import), the smooth transportations, financial and insurance service is required. For the improvement of the GDP sector, it has to give special emphasize on service sectors. There is lot of scope of development of service sector. Bangladesh is providing transit and transshipment to India, Nepal and Bhutan that will increase return from the transportation and communication sector. The manufacturing sector is growing rapidly. So, the need of financial service and education is increasing in future. Tourism, hotel service is promising in Bangladesh. The trade liberalization on service will cause the opportunity for service export. So, we have to take the initiatives for development of service sectors. This paper has analyzed the comparative contribution of service sector, the growth of service sector, service export and the employment in service sectors. There is scope for further research about the ways of development of service sectors. References: Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation n. d. SUNDARBAN Royal Bengal Tiger and Mangrove Forest accessed 2 May 2011, www. parjatan. gov. bd/forest. php Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services 2010, BASIS Resource Center, Bangladesh, accessed 2 May, 2011, http://www. basis. org. bd/index. php/resource Bhuyan A. R. , Hossain M. I. and Hossai M. A. , 20007, Study on the Services Sector of Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Trade Support Programme (BTSP) Brahs, Stuart J. 2002. Priorities for WTO Financial Services Negotiations Fund Management and Pensions, Principal Financial Group, Washington DC. Bangladesh Bareu of Statistics, BBS (Labour Force Survey) 2006, Dhaka Comjagat. com 2010, Status and Prospects http://www. comjagat. com/home/articles/morearticles/5515 of ICT in Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Choudhury T. A. , Raihan A. , Habib S. and S. Chowdhury. 2000. Effects of WTO on Financial System of Bangladesh: A Research Report, BIBM, 2000. All the journals articles are available online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors. 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